Program and Course Search

CHEM 212 Organic Chemistry I explores the relationship between the structures of carbon-containing molecules and their physical and chemical properties. Some topics from 1st-year general chemistry are reviewed briefly: alkanes, stereochemistry, alkenes, and nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions of alkyl halides. The correlation between structure and acidity is investigated, and the chemistry of alkynes and alcohols is examined. Structure-determination techniques, including IR and NMR, are explored. The laboratory work for this course provides practical experiences with separation/purification techniques, molecular synthesis, and qualitative analytical methods applied to organic compounds.

CHEM 225 Physical Chemistry for Biosciences presents the basic concepts of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics that apply to biological systems. Students will explore why gases would behave differently at different conditions (e.g. deep sea diving, high altitude, other planets), how ideal engines function, why some reactions spontaneous, how do we explain the effect of salting roads in winter, how batteries and our metabolism generate energy, how kinetics is related to thermodynamics (why diamonds do not break down into graphene) and how we use of spectroscopy to explore biological structures. In the laboratory, quantitative properties of systems are measured, to illustrate the theory discussed in lectures.

BIOL 206 Introductory Biochemistry provides an introduction to biochemistry including protein structure and function, and representative catabolic and anabolic pathways. Topics covered include water, enzyme kinetics and enzyme structure and function. Experimental techniques used in biochemistry and molecular biology are also introduced.

CHEM 213 Organic Chemistry II is a continuation of CHEM 212. The survey of organic families is continued with a study of aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acid derivatives, aromatics and amines. The chemistry of a variety of compounds of biological interest is also discussed. The laboratory work involves synthesis and organic structure determination.

Math 221 Introductory Linear Algebra. Topics covered in the course include the solution of systems of linear equations through Gaussian elimination; matrices and matrix algebra; vector spaces and their subspaces; coordinate mappings and other linear transformations; eigenvalues and eigenvectors; similarity and diagonalization; and constructions involving inner products such as orthogonal projections, the construction of Gram-Schmidt bases and least-square approximations. Although the course devotes a substantial amount of time to computational techniques, it should also lead the student to develop geometrical intuitions, to appreciate and understand mathematical abstraction, and to construct some elementary proofs.

BIOL 104 Biology I is a course designed for those students who require first year Majors biology in their program of study or who wish to go on to further study in biology. The course includes cell biology, biochemistry, and an examination of the processes of life in the plant and animal body. A strong emphasis is placed on the development of critical thinking skills through problem solving, a scientific research proposal, and laboratory analysis.

ENGL 110 introduces students to the world of scholarly writing -- reading it, thinking about it, and producing it as academic researchers. Students will explore how professional and/or academic writers across disciplines communicate to a variety of audiences. Students will practice active reading, writing and critical thinking skills by conducting scholarly research on a topic. This course aims to equip students with the skills and knowledge they need to write effectively within academic contexts.

MATH 100 Calculus I is a course designed to provide students with the background in calculus needed for further studies. This course includes a review of functions and graphs; limits; the derivative of algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions; applications of the derivative including related rates, maxima, minima, velocity and acceleration; the definite integral; an introduction to elementary differential equations; and applications of integration including velocity, acceleration, areas, and growth and decay problems.

BIOL 106 Biology II. Along with BIOL 104 (Biology I), this course provides an overview of the study of living things. Biology 106 presents topics in population, community and ecosystem ecology, and classical and molecular genetics. Evolution provides a unifying theme for the course. A strong emphasis is placed on the development of critical thinking skills through problem solving, case studies and laboratory investigation.

CHEM 125 Fundamentals of Chemistry II is the continuation for either CHEM 110 or CHEM 122. The course consists of two major units: physical chemistry and organic chemistry. The study of physical chemistry begins with an investigation of reaction rates (kinetics), followed by the principles of equilibria applied to pure substances and aqueous solutions, and an introduction to the laws of thermodynamics. The second major unit is a survey of the field of organic chemistry; topics include the physical and chemical properties of alkanes and alkenes, stereochemistry, and addition, substitution, and elimination reactions. The laboratory work involves the measurement of physical and chemical properties as well as chemical syntheses.

ENGL 111 Introduction to Literature is about living more intensely. Rather than providing answers, literature prompts us to ask better questions of ourselves and each other. Drama, poetry, short stories, and novels will guide us in discussion, reflection, and writing about literature.

MATH 101 Calculus II is a sequel to Math 100 for students who wish to major in science, math or engineering and includes the definite integral, applications of the definite integral to volume, arc length and surface area of revolution; inverse trig functions; techniques of integration; improper integrals; parametric equations and polar coordinates; linear first order differential equations; and an introduction to infinite series; convergence and power series; Taylor Polynomials.

BIOL 204 Cell Biology provides the student with a thorough knowledge of cell structure and function. Topics covered include biomolecules, membranes, organelles, cell movement, cell signaling, gene regulation, and transcription and translation. Experimental techniques used in modern cellular and molecular biology are also introduced.

CHEM 212 Organic Chemistry I explores the relationship between the structures of carbon-containing molecules and their physical and chemical properties. Some topics from 1st-year general chemistry are reviewed briefly: alkanes, stereochemistry, alkenes, and nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions of alkyl halides. The correlation between structure and acidity is investigated, and the chemistry of alkynes and alcohols is examined. Structure-determination techniques, including IR and NMR, are explored. The laboratory work for this course provides practical experiences with separation/purification techniques, molecular synthesis, and qualitative analytical methods applied to organic compounds.

STAT 105 Introduction to Statistics is intended for social, environmental science, and business students, or others who would benefit from a one-term statistics course. Topics include estimation of means and hypothesis testing. Applications are explored.

BIOL 206 Introductory Biochemistry provides an introduction to biochemistry including protein structure and function, and representative catabolic and anabolic pathways. Topics covered include water, enzyme kinetics and enzyme structure and function. Experimental techniques used in biochemistry and molecular biology are also introduced.

BIOL 212 Introduction to Microbiology is a survey of the microbial world, with discussions of the medical and ecological significance of key organisms. The biology of micro-organisms (including bacteria and viruses) is a key focal point, but there will also be discussions of immunology and pathology. The laboratory component will build basic skills necessary to perform and interpret research in the fields of medical microbiology, industrial microbiology, environmental microbiology, immunology and virology. A basic knowledge of biology will be presumed, including basic cell biology, ecology, physiology, biochemistry and metabolism.

CHEM 213 Organic Chemistry II is a continuation of CHEM 212. The survey of organic families is continued with a study of aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acid derivatives, aromatics and amines. The chemistry of a variety of compounds of biological interest is also discussed. The laboratory work involves synthesis and organic structure determination.

ENGL 110 introduces students to the world of scholarly writing -- reading it, thinking about it, and producing it as academic researchers. Students will explore how professional and/or academic writers across disciplines communicate to a variety of audiences. Students will practice active reading, writing and critical thinking skills by conducting scholarly research on a topic. This course aims to equip students with the skills and knowledge they need to write effectively within academic contexts.

SOC 120 Introduction to Sociology I introduces students to the discipline. The sociological perspective is examined, along with the associated concepts and methods. Attention is directed to major areas such as culture, socialization, stratification and deviance. Students have an opportunity to research topics of interest.

STAT 105 Introduction to Statistics is intended for social, environmental science, and business students, or others who would benefit from a one-term statistics course. Topics include estimation of means and hypothesis testing. Applications are explored.

ENGL 111 Introduction to Literature is about living more intensely. Rather than providing answers, literature prompts us to ask better questions of ourselves and each other. Drama, poetry, short stories, and novels will guide us in discussion, reflection, and writing about literature.

SOC 121 Introduction to Sociology II examines the social life as it occurs in families, formal organizations, religion, political movements and other social systems. Student research projects are part of the course.

SOC 200 Deviance and Social Control analyzes the processes by which some behaviour comes to be identified as deviant and the social means of control of such behaviour through the criminal justice system are examined analytically.

SOC 205 Introduction to Social Research introduces students to research methods in the social sciences. Students will be introduced to the major procedures for carrying out systematic investigation of the social world. It will encourage students to critically evaluate the methods, strategies and data that are used by social scientists and provide training in analysis of a range of qualitative and quantitative data.

SOC 215 Canadian Social Structure is a macro level analysis of factors such as (but not limited to) ethnicity, region, gender and class as a basis for understanding contemporary Canadian society.

SOC 225 Introduction to Sociological Theory is designed to introduce students to the major nineteenth and twentieth century thinkers who shaped the development of sociological theory. In exploring sociology's theoretical heritage, the course seeks also to foster an appreciation of what theory is and how necessary and useful it is for studying and understanding the social world.

CWRT 100 Introduction to Creative Writing I.  This course offers an introduction to composition and experimentation in the genres of poetry and creative non-fiction. Students will develop a working knowledge of modern aesthetics in poetry and creative nonfiction, as well as an objective appreciation of their own ''voice'' in the context of those aesthetics.

CWRT 101 Introduction to Creative Writing II.  This course offers an introduction to composition and experimentation in the genres of fiction and drama. Students will develop a working knowledge of modern aesthetics in fiction and drama, as well as an objective appreciation of their own ''voice'' in the context of those aesthetics.

CWRT 200 Manuscript Development I. The emphasis of this second year creative writing course will be on portfolio development and preparation of manuscripts for publication. Students will submit their own imaginative writing for workshop in any of the four genres – poetry, drama, fiction, or non-fiction. Students will also begin to develop professional practices through self-directed projects. Lectures will mirror the assigned readings and serve to initiate theoretical discussions on form, theory, and craft.

CWRT 201 Manuscript Development II. The emphasis of this second year creative writing course will be on portfolio development and preparation of manuscripts for publication. Students will submit for workshop their own imaginative writing in any of the four genres being taught – poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction. Allowances for other genres will be made with the permission of the instructor. Lectures, both face to face and online, will mirror the assigned readings and serve to initiate theoretical discussions on form and theory, and principles and elements of craft.

CWRT 210 Ecopoetics will explore the writer's relationship to nature and the environment. We will seek to understand the role of the writer and the moral agency required to build a just and sustainable community. Coupled with an intellectual enquiry into environmental literature and criticism, writers will examine more closely non-fiction, fiction, and poetic forms that express an intimate attention to landscape and nature.

ENGL 110 introduces students to the world of scholarly writing -- reading it, thinking about it, and producing it as academic researchers. Students will explore how professional and/or academic writers across disciplines communicate to a variety of audiences. Students will practice active reading, writing and critical thinking skills by conducting scholarly research on a topic. This course aims to equip students with the skills and knowledge they need to write effectively within academic contexts.

ENGL 111 Introduction to Literature is about living more intensely. Rather than providing answers, literature prompts us to ask better questions of ourselves and each other. Drama, poetry, short stories, and novels will guide us in discussion, reflection, and writing about literature.

ENGL 200 A Survey of English Literature I. ''In spring folk long to go on pilgrimage'' so begins Geoffrey Chaucerï's 14th century masterpiece of the English tradition, The Canterbury Tales. In English 200, we will set out on a pilgrimage which honours the living beauty of the English language and its greatest writers such as Spenser, Shakespeare and Donne, ending in the 17th century with Milton.

ENGL 201 A Survey of English Literature II. From the calm reason of the Enlightenment to the passion of the Romantics, we still live out the questions first asked by the brilliant writers of 18th and 19th Centuries. In the company of such authors as Pope, Swift, Wollstonecraft, Keats, Wordsworth, and Austen, we continue our pilgrimage into culture, belief, and literary achievement begun in the previous semester with English 200.

ENGL 202 Canadian Literature I: Indigenous Voices. From the earliest narratives, Euro Canadian writing has framed our understanding of Indigenous peoples. We will examine the works of Indigenous writers from across Canada. Reading and discussion will give us an opportunity to understand First People's literature, including the response to colonialism, and to experience the vitality of First People's cultures, imaginations, and ways of knowing.

ENGL 203 Canadian Literature II: Contemporary Voices. In our multicultural society and globalized world, what is so Canadian about Canadian literature? In this course we trace the emergence of Canadian literature on the world stage and how such writers frame connections between literature, nation, identity and culture.

ENGL 204 Children's Literature I - From Rags to Riches and Worlds of Magic. From folktales and urban legends to traditional and literary fairy tales, particularly the collections of Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm as well as Hans Christian Andersen and others, this course explores the roots of children's literature, including modern fantasy, such as J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, J.M. Barrie's Peter Pan, Kenneth Graeme's The Wind in the Willows, and Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.

ENGL 205 Children's Literature II: From Hell to Heaven and Everything in Between. From medieval to modern times, this course traces the development of literature enjoyed by and written for children. Early works include the ''Hell-fire'' tales of the Puritans to the Golden Age stories of the nineteenth century. We explore landmark novels such as Louisa May Alcott's Little Women, Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, and Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables. We'll also examine the social issues and controversies provoked by poetry, picture books, and prose.

ENGL 209 Introduction to Comics and Graphic Novels introduces students to the genre of comics and the graphic novel. Students will consider the history of the genre and explore how comics and graphic novels reflect and represent diverse social, political, and popular cultures. Students will learn how to write about graphic narratives and will have the opportunity to experiment with the form through hands-on activities.

FREN 102 Beginner's French I is an introductory language course designed for the absolute beginner with little or no knowledge of French. The focus of this course is to help students become functionally proficient in the French language through the development of the basic communication skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing, as well as the study of vocabulary, grammar, and culture.

FREN 103 Beginner's French II is designed to develop the communication skills learned by students in French 102. Students will further their knowledge of the French language and awareness of French-speaking cultures. The focus of this course is to help students become functionally proficient in the French language through the development of the basic communication skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing, as well as the study of vocabulary, grammar, and culture.

HIST 100 World History, 1900-1945 introduces students to key issues and events in the first half of the twentieth century. The course will ground students’ understanding of those decades as ones of profound change and contestation, the oftentimes global dimensions of which were expressed through multiple imperial, national, local, regional, and indigenous contexts. Topics typically addressed in the course include the evolution of empires and nations; processes of colonization and decolonization; the First and Second World Wars; Capitalism, Communism, and Fascism as competing political and economic ideologies; democratic and authoritarian systems of governance; political revolutions; developments in the arts and sciences; technological change; human interactions with the environment; tensions and developments in areas of human rights, indigenous, racialized, ethnic, and gender identities; and efforts toward the establishment of international networks and institutions. Upon the course’s conclusion, students will be able to identify and understand the significance of key issues and events from this period and to consider their role in shaping the world in the decades that followed.

HIST 101 World History, 1945-Present introduces students to key issues and events that have unfolded since the end of the Second World War. The course will develop student's understanding of the period as one of ongoing change and contestation at global, national, regional, and local levels, the ramifications of which continue to impact us today. Topics typically addressed in the course include efforts toward the establishment of a postwar international order, including the United Nations; the Cold War; colonization, decolonization and the changing imperial and national political landscape; the evolution of political and economic systems and ideologies including Communism, Capitalism, Democracy, and Authoritarianism; globalization; developments in the arts and sciences; technological change; social movements; tensions and developments in areas of human rights, indigenous, racialized, ethnic, and gender identities; and human interactions with the environment. Upon the course’s conclusion, students will be able to identify and explain the significance of key issues and events from this period and to consider their ongoing influence.

HIST 104 Canada Before Confederation. A survey of Canadian history from the pre-contact societies of the First Nations to the creation of Canadian Federation in 1867. European expansion and settlement in northern North America, relations between Europeans and First Nations, and the development of the colonial societies that formed Canada are examined. Emphasis is placed on fostering student interest in history by examining the historical experiences of a diversity of Canadians.

HIST 105 Contemporary Canada is a survey of modern Canada from confederation to the end of the second millennium. The post-1867 consolidation of a transcontinental Canada, the marginalization of aboriginal peoples, and the rapid transformation of Canadian society by immigration, industrialization, urbanization, the two world wars, and the Great Depression are examined. The effects of broad economic and social change on party politics, relations between French and English Canada, and the attitudes, values, and living and working patterns of Canadians are also explored. Emphasis is placed on fostering student interest in history by examining the historical experiences of a diversity of Canadians.

HIST 106 Western Civilization I introduces students to some of the major themes in the history of Western Society from the Neolithic to the early modern European worlds. Human experience and relations in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, the expansion the of the Hellenistic empire of Alexander the Great, the rise of the Roman Empire, the making of early European society, and the origins and spread of the Renaissance and Reformation are examined. By the conclusion of the course, students will be able to view the development of ''the West'' from an historical perspective.

HIST 107 Western Civilization II introduces students to major themes and problems in Western society from the rise of absolutism in the early 18th century to the aftermath of World War Two. As part of this, students will gain an understanding of the origins and impact of the French and Industrial revolutions, the rise of the nation state in the 19th century, and the origins and effects of World War One including the Russian Revolution, the Great Depression, and the rise of authoritarian regimes in the 1930s. By the conclusion of the course, students will be able to view World War Two from an historical perspective.

HIST 203 A History of British Columbia is designed to introduce students to the history of British Columbia from the pre-contact societies of the native peoples to the present. Relations between Europeans and First Nations, the development of the European resource and settlement frontiers, and the eventual transformation of British Columbia's society and economy as a result of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization are examined within a broader Canadian and North American context. Emphasis is placed on fostering student interest in the history of British Columbia by examining the historical experiences of a diversity of peoples.

HIST 210 A History of the First Nations of Canada examines the history of the First Nations of Canada from the pre-contact period to the present. The changes and continuities within the societies and economies of the First Nations as a result of European contact, trade, warfare, and settlement are examined within a broader hemispheric context. The course gives particular emphasis to the historical roots of contemporary First nations' issues in Canada and the contributions that aboriginal people have made to the development of Canada and to their own distinct societies.

HIST 215 A History of the West Kootenay is designed to introduce students to the history of the West Kootenay from the pre-contact societies of the native peoples to the present. Relations between Europeans and First Nations, the development of the resource and agricultural frontiers, work and settlement patterns, and 20th and 21st century social and economic change are also examined within the broader Canadian and North American context. Emphasis is placed on fostering student interest in the history of the West Kootenay by examining the historical experiences of a diversity of people who have lived in the region.

History 220 Latin America: Pre-1821 surveys the Spanish and Portuguese Empires America from their 15th century beginnings in the conquest of aboriginal empires and peoples to their break-up in the early 19th century by independence movements of Creoles. Major themes examined include the pre-contact native societies and empires, the establishment and administration of Spanish and Portuguese overseas empires, the economies and societies of the colonies, the impact and influence of the Church, European power struggles for control of Latin America, and the origins and emergence of American independence movements.

HIST 221 Latin America: Post-1821 a survey of Latin American history from independence to the present. Major themes examined include post-colonial efforts to develop and modernize new nation-states, the development and impact of neocolonialism, the rise, impact and responses to both nationalist and revolutionary movements in the 20th century, and the impact of the United States foreign policy on Latin America and its peoples.

NSLX 101 Beginners n̓səl̓xčin 1 is designed to encourage students to develop the following communication skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Students will also be introduced to some aspects of the Sinixt culture.

NSLX 102 Beginners n̓səl̓xčin 2 is designed to help students to continue to develop Salish communication skills including: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Students will also be introduced to some aspects of Sinixt culture.

INDG 100 Regional Perspectives on Language and Cultures. Staff, students and community members are encouraged to take this introductory course so that they may experience the voices, cultures, histories, values, beliefs, oral traditions, literature, and art of Lakes-Sinixt, Okanagan-Syilx, Ktunaxa and Metis peoples. In light of the national Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the College's signature on the Canadian Institutes and Colleges Indigenous Education Protocol, it is important that residents, employees and students consider indigenous worldviews in their studies, work, and lives. Introductions to important historical, cultural, social and political realities that have and continue to impact the lives of Indigenous peoples should help course participants better navigate intercultural relations and inclusivity at school, work and home.

INDG 101 Indigenous People's Relationships: Once You've Heard the Story. Students are introduced to how colonial policies and legislation has and continues to impact relationships between Indigenous Peoples (First Nations, Metis, Inuit), settlers and the Canadian and Provincial governments, and the broader western world view. The oral system of historical documentation, Indigenous stories, testimonies, and other evidence are critically examined. Students will explore and analyze how Indigenous resilience and resurgence is building self-determination and supporting reconciliation. Students will build awareness and insight into Indigenous worldview, teachings, protocols, and methodologies. Circle pedagogy and oral presentation are key components. This is an interactive relational course that requires committed respectful class community engagement with the composition of a commitment statement. This course is foundational to INDG100 and certain topics will be explored further in other programs.

INDG 102 Walk the Talk: Indigenous Worldview Applications. Students will build awareness and insight into Indigenous worldview, teachings, protocols, and methodologies through experiential learning and application. Indigenous ways of learning such as circle pedagogy, oral presentation, research, and various Indigenous methodologies make this an interactive relational course. Students are required to conduct themselves respectfully with elders and cultural ambassadors. This course expands on Indigenous worldviews identified in INDG100 and INDG101.

INDG 202 Canadian Literature I: Indigenous Voices. From the earliest narratives, Euro Canadian writing has framed our understanding of Indigenous peoples. We will examine the works of Indigenous writers from across Canada. Reading and discussion will give us an opportunity to understand First People's literature, including the response to colonialism, and to experience the vitality of First People's cultures, imaginations, and ways of knowing.

INDG 287 Introduction to Indigenous Teachings and Practices. This course will provide students with an introduction to Indigenous studies, including key concepts, themes and topics relevant to Indigenous histories and contemporary practices. The history and impact of colonialism, residential schools and oppression will be explored. We will explore Indigenous Worldview and ways in which we can respectfully participate in creating a future vision which embodies respect for cultural diversity and the health of our planet. Local wisdom keepers will be invited to share stories.

INDG 302 Indigenous Health and Healing introduces students to the topic of Aboriginal health and healing from the time prior to first contact with European newcomers through to the present. We will also focus on cultural awareness and critical thinking on current Aboriginal health and healing issues. Aboriginal health and healing will be explored from within a variety of Aboriginal perspectives that are inclusive of the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual aspects of health and well-being. Skill-based training in cultural safety and anti-racism based on the recommendations and information provided by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission results and the 'calls to action' will be emphasized. Aboriginal worldviews and 'ways of knowing' will be embedded in the course delivery as well as course content.

LAW 120 Rural Legal Issues I is a one-credit course designed to introduce learners to the legal profession. Information will be provided on pathways into the legal profession and the career potentials in the legal field. Students will also learn about the Canadian legal system and law in general.

LAW 121 Rural Legal Issues II is a one-credit course which will build upon the knowledge gained in LAW 120. In particular, the course will focus on the unique challenges facing legal professionals in a rural area, including the need to have a broad understanding of a variety of legal issues and the challenges surrounding equal access to justice in rural areas.

LAW 122 Rural Legal Issues III is a one-credit course which builds on the knowledge gained in LAW 120 and 121 with an emphasis on professionalism and both oral and written communication. Learners will complete a major legal research and writing project in this course as well as an oral presentation.

PACS 100 Introduction to Peace Studies I offers an introduction to the foundational concepts of peace studies: peace, conflict, violence and non-violence. Students will gain an understanding and engage in critical analysis of historical and current nonviolence movements for social change with the goal of equipping them to help build cultures of peace.

PACS 101 Peace Studies II is the second of two introductory core courses in Peace Studies at Selkirk College. This course will focus on traditional and non-traditional approaches to Conflict Resolution transformation. Students will be introduced to conflict theory and conflict analysis, as well as conflict transformation strategies ranging from general principles and key concepts in arbitration, negotiation non-violent action, mediation, reconciliation and forgiveness, and alternative dispute resolution including, non-violent communication, peacemaking circles, conflict transformation, and conflict free conflict resolution. Students will practice identifying, analyzing, role playing, mapping, and peacefully resolving or transforming conflicts that range from the interpersonal to the international.

PACS 201 From Water to Chocolate: Environment, Conflict and Justice is an examination of selected global political-ecological issues, including conflict minerals, child slavery, climate change, and water wars; as well as the power and potential of various pathways to peace, including nonviolent direct action, Indigenous solidarity, fair trade, international accompaniment, ecological restoration, and environmental peace-building.

PACS 202 Leadership for Peace: The Individual and Social Transformation begins with the understanding that leadership for peace is, at its foundations, leadership for human rights and social justice; and with the further insight that social transformation is always joined with inner transformation, to the individual who ''can change the world''. PACS 202 examines leadership and peace in relation to issues of authority, power, legitimacy, and the will to truth, reconciliation, compassion, and healing. A significant part of this course is a service learning assignment to be determined by the student in conjunction with faculty.

PACS 203 Introduction to Restorative Justice: Theory and Practice explores the theory and practice of restorative justice. Themes include retribution, punishment and deterrence; Indigenous approaches to justice; trauma and healing; shame and empathy; community, belonging, forgiveness, and reconciliation. Students will gain familiarity with the process models of victim-offender mediation, family-group conferencing, and peacemaking circles; and will learn how restorative practices are being used in our schools.

PACS 205 Global Perspectives in Peace: An independent Studies Course provides an opportunity for students to learn about peace, justice and related topics from a practical, local to global, and/or cross-cultural perspective through self-initiated travel abroad or self-initiated contact with a peace related NGO. For example, as part of this course, students may participate in one of two international peace institutes (Mindanao Peace Building Institute in the Philippines and African Peace Building Institute in Zambia) with which Selkirk College has a partnership. Alternatively, students may design their own independent international peace and justice learning experience, with support, as needed, from the instructor.

PHIL 100 Introductory Philosophy I focuses on reality and its relationship with human consciousness. In this course we explore questions about truth, objectivity and subjectivity, the existence of God, and the nature and limits of human knowledge.

PHIL 101 Introductory Philosophy II focuses on the nature of human reality. We explore metaphysical issues such as self-identity, free will, and the relationship between the mind and body. We examine questions about taste in aesthetic judgment, and we discuss issues in ethical theory including relativism, subjectivism, and egoism. We end the course by looking at theories and problems of justice.

PHIL 120 Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking is designed to improve students' ability to reason well. Students will study the nature, structure, and purpose of valid arguments, identify common fallacies and mistakes, and determine when to use various forms of reasoning (e.g., deductive, inductive, and abductive). Students will sharpen their understanding of these concepts by analyzing and assessing arguments in the courts, news, and other contemporary media.

PHIL 210 Biomedical Ethics explores ethical moral questions that arise in the context of healthcare. Students will engage with these questions by learning ethical theory and by studying challenging cases. They will outline the relevant features of real life examples, weigh moral considerations, and practice articulating recommendations about what to do. The course covers biomedical topics such as autonomy, informed consent, surrogate decision-making, traumatic brain injury, refusing care, medical assistance in dying, assisted reproduction, abortion, public health, organ donation, genetic screening and therapy, research and experimentation, rural medicine, and global health intervention. While this course is geared primarily to Rural Pre-Medicine students, it may be of interest to anyone concerned with biomedical research and healthcare.

SPAN 102 Beginner's Spanish I is an introductory language course designed for the absolute beginner with little or no knowledge of Spanish. The focus of this course is to help students become functionally proficient in the Spanish language through the development of the basic communication skills speaking, listening, reading, and writing, as well as the study of vocabulary, grammar, and culture.

SPAN 103 Beginner's Spanish II is designed to develop the communication skills learned by the students in Spanish 102. Students will further their knowledge of the Spanish language and awareness of Spanish culture. The focus of this course is to help students become functionally proficient in the Spanish language through the development of the basic communication skills speaking, listening, reading, and writing, as well as the study of vocabulary, grammar, and culture.

ANTH 100 Introduction to Anthropology I is an introduction to the major areas within the discipline: physical and cultural anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology.

ANTH 101 Introduction to Anthropology II: Cultural Anthropology is an introduction to cultural anthropology in western and non-western societies. Through ethnographic accounts students will study world cultures both at home and abroad.

ANTH 110 Introduction to Biological Anthropology introduces theories, methods, and research in biological anthropology. Topics include the study of genetics, human and non-human primates, morphological variations, the human fossil record, trends and debates in human evolution, and bio cultural adaptations.

ANTH 201 Ethnic Relations is an introduction to the comparative study of 'race' from local to international contexts. The course explores social stratification according to race and ethnicity and looks at the motivations and consequences of such classifications and their relationships to other forms of stratification.

ANTH 205 Anthropology of Religion provides an introduction to the comparative study of religious beliefs, practices, and movements. Classic and contemporary approaches in the anthropology of religion are explored in ethnographic context, examining the similarities and variations in systems of religious belief.

ANTH 210 Introduction to Archaeology outlines the basic concepts and terms and short history of the discipline; field concepts and methods; survey, excavation, stratigraphy and other recording, artifact cataloguing and conservation; sampling and approached to dating; seriation, behavioural patterning; classical, prehistoric and historical archaeology.

ANTH 211 Archaeology Field Methods provides students with instruction and practical experience in basic methods and techniques of archaeological fieldwork, including mapping, excavation, recording, processing of artifacts, analysis and reporting. This is a field methods class requiring students to live and work together as a group while they learn field methods and contribute to the success of an archaeological research project.

CMNS 200 Intercultural Communications explores the inherent relationship between culture, language, and communication, as well as examines basic concepts such as identity, assumptions, stereotypes, beliefs, value systems, and globalization. Barriers to effective intercultural communication are identified and strategies for overcoming them explored. The focus of this course is to help students develop meaningful strategies to communicate in today's culturally diverse communities.

ECON 104 Economic Analysis for Small Business is designed to engage students with contemporary global and Canadian issues, and with some of the region's competitive markets. Students will survey contemporary news publications and other data sources, analyzing their contents to identify economic concepts and management implications. Focus will be on identifying the economic impacts on business resulting from the cloud of seemingly chaotic global events.

ECON 106 Principles of Macroeconomics covers: national income accounts, national income determination model, monetary system, monetary and fiscal policy, problems with the Macro System, inflation, unemployment, etc.; international trade - balance of payments, exchange rates, capital flows.

ECON 107 Principles of Microeconomics usually taken following Economics 106 Principles of Macroeconomics. Topics covered include: supply and demand - price supports, the agricultural problem, value theory, theory of the firm - competition, pollution, industrial organization - monopoly, public utilities, advertising, income distribution - labour unions, productivity.

GEOG 136 Geography of British Columbia. British Columbia is one of the most diverse and richly endowed provinces in Canada, both in terms of its natural resources and the diversity of its people. This introductory course will cover the physical geography (physiographic regions, geomorphology, climatology, and biogeography), resource issues (natural resources, industry, and conservation) and cultural geography (First Nations, ethnic diversity, rural and urban communities) of British Columbia.

GEOG 140 Introduction to Cultural Geography studies the relationships between culture, space, place, and the environment. A wide variety of cultures, their landscapes, and the changes they are undergoing will be examined through a geographic lens. Through Cultural Geography we will begin to understand cultural differences and open up new possibilities for solving our own problems as well as for viewing the rest of the world in less judgmental terms.

PSYC 100 Introductory Psychology I is an introduction to the methods, theory and practice of psychology as a science. Among others, topics will include motivation and emotion, learning and memory, biological foundations, sensation and perception. Other topics are added at the discretion of the individual instructor. Class demonstrations and activities are used to illustrate concepts. Teaching methods and resources in the course vary with the instructor.

PSYC 101 Introductory Psychology II covers topics include thinking and other cognitive processes, development of the individual, personality, mental disorders, health and social psychology. Other topics are added at the discretion of the instructor. Class demonstrations and activities are used to illustrate concepts. Teaching methods and resources in the course vary with the instructor.

PSYC 200 Biological Psychology is recommended for majors in psychology or other biological sciences. It will emphasize fundamental neurological processes which underlie sensation, perception, learning, and motivation, and will also explore selected topics in other areas.

PSYC 202 Research Methods. This course introduces prospective Psychology majors to the major methodological principles that guide research in Psychology. The primary focus is on experimental design, but students will be exposed to some elementary statistics. Topics include critical thinking and scientific reasoning, principles of measurement, types of variables, validity and reliability, and research ethics. Weekly labs offer hands-on applications of basic concepts to the design of research.

PSYC 230 Mental Health and Psychological Disorders I is the study of Abnormal Behaviour. Initially we will study the key concepts of major personality theories as they apply to abnormal psychology. This is followed by an introduction to the DSMIV (or DSMV) Classification System and research strategies used in abnormal psychology. The course begins its examination of specific disorders by considering disorders related to anxiety, trauma and stress. The final unit looks at Depressive and Bipolar disorders and Suicide.

PSYC 231 Mental Health and Psychological Disorders II is the second of two courses which study psychological disorders. In this course we will examine psychotic, pervasive and other major psychological disorders. We will consider the causes, prognoses and treatments of such disorders as: affective disorders; the schizophrenias; developmental disorders; eating disorders; substance-abuse disorders; and sexual disorders.

PSYC 240 Child Development is an introduction to normal child development; this course explores selected aspects of the physical, cognitive, emotional, and moral development of children from birth to middle childhood; and examines the major theories of child development.

PSYC 241 Adult Development is an introduction to teenage and adult development. This course explores selected aspects of the physical, cognitive, emotional, and moral development from adolescence thru late adulthood.

SOC 120 Introduction to Sociology I introduces students to the discipline. The sociological perspective is examined, along with the associated concepts and methods. Attention is directed to major areas such as culture, socialization, stratification and deviance. Students have an opportunity to research topics of interest.

SOC 121 Introduction to Sociology II examines the social life as it occurs in families, formal organizations, religion, political movements and other social systems. Student research projects are part of the course.

SOC 200 Deviance and Social Control analyzes the processes by which some behaviour comes to be identified as deviant and the social means of control of such behaviour through the criminal justice system are examined analytically.

SOC 205 Introduction to Social Research introduces students to research methods in the social sciences. Students will be introduced to the major procedures for carrying out systematic investigation of the social world. It will encourage students to critically evaluate the methods, strategies and data that are used by social scientists and provide training in analysis of a range of qualitative and quantitative data.